Includes generation (except nuclear power where FDI is prohibited), transmission and distribution of power
Telecom
Basic, cellular and value-added services
74%
ISP with gateways
74%
FIPB beyond 49%
ISP without gateways
100%
FIPB beyond 49%
Email, Voice mail
100%
FIPB beyond 49%
Subject to licensing and security requirements; FDI cap of 74% for global mobile personal communications by satellite
Radio Paging
74%
FIPB beyond 49%
End-to-End Bandwidth
74%
FIPB beyond 49%
Infrastructure Providers providing Dark Fibre
100%
FIPB beyond 49%
Telecom Manufacturing
100%
Automatic
Roads
100%
Automatic
Includes construction and maintenance of roads, highways, bridges and tunnels
Ports
100%
Automatic
Applies to construction and maintenance of ports
Civil Aviation
Airports
100%
FIPB beyond 74%
100% FDI under automatic route is permissible for greenfield airports.
Domestic Airlines
49%
Automatic
Subject to no direct or indirect equity participation by foreign airlines. FDI up to 100% allowed for NRIs
Petroleum & Natural Gas
Petroleum refining
100%
Automatic
Petroleum product pipelines
100%
Automatic
Petroleum product marketing
100%
Automatic
Subject to divestment of 26% equity in favour of the Indian partner / public within 5 years.
Petroleum refining-PSUs
26%
FIPB
Others
Mass Rapid Transport System
100%
Automatic
Includes associated real estate development in all metropolitan cities
EOU/SEZ/Industrial park construction
100%
Automatic
Subject to SEZ Act 2005 and Foreign Trade Policy.
Satellite establishment and operation
74%
FIPB
Services
Sector
Ownership Limit
Entry Route
Remarks
Banking
Indian Private Banks
74%
Automatic
Foreign banks can take an equity stake of more than 5% (up to 74%) only in the private sector banks which have been identified by the RBI for restructuring
PSU Banks
20%
Subject to compliance with RBI guidelines
NBFCs
100%
Automatic
Includes 19 specified activities; Subject to minimum capitalisation norms and compliance with RBI guidelines
Insurance
26%
Automatic
Includes both Life and Non-Life Insurance; Subject to licence from Insurance Regulatory & Development Authority
Real estate and construction
Subject to minimum land area of 10 hectare for serviced housing plot and built-up area of 50,000 sq. mts. for construction development projects. Also minimum capitalisation and completion norms
Townships
100%
Automatic
Housing
100%
Automatic
Construction – Development Projects
100%
Automatic
Build-up Infrastructure
100%
Automatic
Trading
Retail Trade
51%
FIPB
Only for single brand products
Trading (Export House, Super Trading House, Star Trading House)
51%
Automatic
Trading (Export, Cash and Carry Wholesale)
100%
FIPB
Tourism
Hotels, restaurants, beach resorts
100%
Automatic
Includes facilities for providing accommodation and food services
Tour and travel agencies
100%
Automatic
Broadcasting
TV software production
100%
Subject to maximum foreign equity up to 49% including FDI/NRI/FII
Hardware facilities - (Uplinking, HUB, etc.)
49%
Subject to maximum foreign equity up to 49% including FDI/NRI/FII; FDI in news and current affairs channels which uplink from India is capped at 26%
Cable network
49%
Subject to maximum foreign equity up to 49% including FDI/NRI/FII
DTH
20%
Subject to maximum foreign equity upto 49% including FDI/NRI/FII. FDI not to exceed 20%
Terrestrial Broadcast FM
20%
Subject to licensee being a company registered in India under the Companies Act, 1956
Terrestrial TV Broadcast
Not Permitted
Print Media
Scientific/Technical journals
100%
Other non-news/non-current affairs/specialty publications
74%
Newspapers, Periodicals dealing with news and current affairs
26%
Other Services
Advertising and Film
100%
Automatic
Includes all film related activities
Courier services
100%
FIPB
Includes all postal services except the distribution of letters
Lottery, Betting and Gambling
Not Permitted
—
Defence and Strategic Industries
26%
FIPB
Subject to security and licensing requirement; to be sold primarily to the Ministry of Defence
R&D activities
100%
Automatic
Manufacturing
Sector
Ownership Limit
Entry Route
Remarks
Metals
100%
Automatic
Includes manufacture of Steel, Aluminium etc.
Textiles and Garments
100%
Automatic
Electronics Hardware
100%
Automatic
Chemicals and Plastics
100%
Automatic
Includes plastics
Automobiles
100%
Automatic
Includes Two -wheelers, Cars and Commercial Vehicles
Auto Components
100%
Automatic
Gems and Jewellery
100%
Automatic
Food and Agro Products
Food Processing
100%
Automatic
Agriculture (including contract farming)
Not Permitted
-
Plantations (except Tea)
Not Permitted
-
Other Manufacturing
Items reserved for Small Scale
24%
Automatic
100% FDI permitted through FIPB route subject to undertaking of export obligation of 50%
Resources Based Sectors
Sector
Ownership Limit
Entry Route
Remarks
Coal and Lignite
Coal Processing
100%
Automatic up to 50%
Captive Coal mining
100%
Automatic
Subject to provision of Coal Mines (Nationalisation) Act 1973.
Other Mining and Quarrying
Mineral Ores
100%
Automatic
Including Gold, Silver and other mineral ores
Diamonds and precious stones
100%
Automatic
Atomic Minerals
74%
FIPB
Includes only mining, mineral separation and subsequent value addition
Oil and Natural Gas Exploration
100%
Automatic
Knowledge Economy
Sector
Ownership Limit
Entry Route
Remarks
Pharma and Biotech
100%
Automatic
FIPB route is needed if industrial licence is required or involves recombinant DNA technology, cell/tissue formulations
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